[100] Plymouth's unemployment rate was 7.0% in 2014 which was 2.0 points higher than the South West average and 0.8 points higher than the average for Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland). [48] The campaign was not successful, and Plymouth ceased to be a county borough on 1 April 1974 with responsibility for education, social services, highways and libraries transferred to Devon County Council. The musician and film director Cosmo Jarvis has lived in several towns in South Devon and has filmed videos in and around Plymouth. The University of Plymouth enrolls 23,155 total students as of 2018/2019 (38th largest in the UK out of 169). [10] The River Tamar forms the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall and its estuary forms the Hamoaze on which is sited Devonport Dockyard. [103] Plymouth has the largest cluster of marine and maritime businesses in the south west with 270 firms operating within the sector. [citation needed], Because of its coastal location, the economy of Plymouth has traditionally been maritime,[104] in particular the defence sector with over 12,000 people employed and approximately 7,500 in the armed forces. Designed by leading architect Henning Larsen, the building was opened in 2008 and houses the University's Arts faculty. Plymouth (/ ˈ p l ɪ m ə θ / ()) is a port city in England on the south coast of Devon, approximately 37 miles (60 km) south-west of Exeter and 190 miles (310 km) west-south-west of London. You might want to see Prysten House that is the oldest house in Plymouth. I was surrounded by udon noodle soup, sushi, Middle Eastern Restaurants with Delivery in Plymouth, Best Yakitori (Grilled Skewers) in Plymouth, Restaurants for Special Occasions in Plymouth, Restaurants near Boringdon Hall Hotel and Spa, Restaurants near Travelodge Plymouth Derriford Hotel, Restaurants near Premier Inn Plymouth City Centre (Sutton Harbour) hotel, Restaurants near Premier Inn Plymouth City Centre (Lockyers Quay) hotel, Restaurants near South West Coast Path National Trail. [11] [86] The university formed a joint venture with the fellow Devonian University of Exeter in 2000, establishing the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry. The Plan for Plymouth was, on the one hand, a template for the rapid reassembly of a destroyed city centre, but Abercrombie also took the opportunity to lay out a whole hierarchy of settlements across the city of communities, neighbourhoods and districts. [145] A number of other smaller cultural events taken place annually, including Plymouth Art Weekender,[146] Plymouth Fringe Festival[147] and Illuminate Festival. [125] In June 2003, a report by the South West RDA was published looking at the future of aviation in the south-west and the possible closure of airports. [10] Collectively they were referred to as "The Three Towns". and the longitude is -4.143841. [35] Although the dockyards were the principal targets, much of the city centre and over 3,700 houses were completely destroyed and more than 1,000 civilians lost their lives. It played a part in the Atlantic slave trade during the early 18th century, although it was relatively small. Crews for the first English failed settlement attempt at Roanoke Colony in North America departed in 1587 under Sir Walter Raleigh's and Drake's leadership; returning bearing maize, tobacco and potatoes. [57], Plymouth lies between the River Plym to the east and the River Tamar to the west; both rivers flow into the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound. During the English Civil War, the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646. [40] Between 1951 and 1957 over 1000 homes were completed every year, mostly using innovative prefabricated systems of just three main types/[41]. It was originally designed to carry water to Devonport town but has since been shortened and now carries water to Burrator Reservoir, which feeds most of the water supply of Plymouth. Plymouth Sound is protected from the sea by the Plymouth Breakwater, in use since 1814. Prior to the 1973 take over it was supplied by Plymouth County Borough Corporation. [136] There are also places of worship for Islam, Baháʼí, Buddhism, Unitarianism, Chinese beliefs and Humanism. [106] During the 1930s, it was the most widely distributed gin and has a controlled term of origin[106] until 2015. It was an important embarkation point for US troops for D-Day. During World War II, due to the city's naval importance, the German military targeted and partially destroyed the city by bombing, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. [88], The city is also home to two large colleges. [51] The total electorate for Plymouth was 188,924 in April 2015. [87] Its dental school was established in 2006, which also provides free dental care in an attempt to improve access to dental care in the South West. [55] It is traditional that the position of the Lord Mayor alternates between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party annually and that the Lord Mayor chooses the Deputy Lord Mayor. On average, 4.25 days[75] of the year will report a maximum temperature of 25.1 °C (77 °F) or above. In 1712 there were 318 men employed and by 1733 the population had grown to 3,000 people. [184] It is open to the public and has views over the Plymouth Sound and the city from the lantern room. [83] It also employs 2,900 staff with an annual income of around £160 million. In 1914, three neighbouring independent towns, viz. [113] It received negative feedback before opening when David Mackay said it was already "ten years out of date". If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. [23][24] The civil war ended as a Parliamentary win, but monarchy was restored by King Charles II in 1660, who imprisoned many of the Parliamentary heroes on Drake's Island. The route uses former railway lines, though there are some stretches on public roads. This was largely due to Plymouth's status as a major port. [36], During the Second World War, Devonport was the headquarters of Western Approaches Command until 1941, and Sunderland flying boats were operated by the Royal Australian Air Force. This settlement continued as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until it was surpassed by the more prosperous village of Sutton founded in the ninth century, now called Plymouth. Typically, the warmest day of the year (1971–2000) will achieve a temperature of 28.6 °C (83 °F),[73] although in June 2020 the temperature reached 32.2 degrees(89.7)F,[74] the site record. [10] The name Plym Mouth, meaning "mouth of the River Plym" was first mentioned in a Pipe Roll of 1211. [50] In the 2017 general election the city two returned Conservative MPs, who were Gary Streeter (for South West Devon) and Johnny Mercer (for Moor View), and one Labour MP, Luke Pollard (for Sutton and Devonport), . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. [204][205] Artists include Beryl Cook whose paintings depict the culture of Plymouth[206] and Robert Lenkiewicz, whose paintings investigated themes of vagrancy, sexual behaviour and suicide, lived in the city from the 1960s until his death in 2002. For the Massachusetts town, see. Plymouth's early history extends to the Bronze Age when a first settlement emerged at Mount Batten. By the mid-17th century, commodities manufactured elsewhere in England cost too much to transport to Plymouth, and the city had no means of processing sugar or tobacco imports, major products from the colonies. Plymouth Leander is the most successful swimming club in Great Britain along with Plymouth Diving Club. [14] On 12 November 1439, the English Parliament made Plymouth the first town incorporated. Pedestrians and cyclists are free. Average annual rainfall is around 980 millimetres (39 in). [36] Although major units of the Royal Navy moved to the safety of Scapa Flow, Devonport was an important base for escort vessels and repairs. The Atlantic depressions are more vigorous in autumn and winter and most of the rain which falls in those seasons in the south-west is from this source. In 1588, according to legend, Drake insisted on completing his game of bowls on the Hoe before engaging the Spanish Armada. [60] The Unitary Authority of Plymouth is 79.83 square kilometres (30.82 sq mi). [181] South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust operates in Plymouth and the rest of the south west; its headquarters are in Exeter. [162] The city also has three Non-League football clubs; Plymouth Parkway who play at Bolitho Park, Elburton Villa who play at Haye Road and Plymstock United who play at Dean Cross. [45] In 1914 the county boroughs of Plymouth and Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse merged to form a single county borough of Plymouth. [130] The station was previously described as 'Plymouth North Road', when there were other main line stations in the city at Millbay and Friary. Timetable and prices are given on the Tamar Crossings website. It was developed as a facility for the manufacture of munitions. [25] Further west is Smeaton's Tower, which is a standard lighthouse that was constructed in 1759. The Union employs students across the University, from bar staff to events technicians. Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds, founder and first president of the Royal Academy was born and educated in nearby Plympton, now part of Plymouth. In 2002 a mission to recover his body and bring it to Plymouth was allowed by the Ministry of Defence. Millbay is being regenerated with mixed residential, retail and office space alongside the ferry port. Smaller stations in the suburban area west of the city centre are served by trains on the Tamar Valley Line to Gunnislake and local services on the Cornish Main Line, which crosses the Tamar on the Royal Albert Bridge. The work included defensive walls at the entrance to Sutton Pool (across which a chain was extended in times of danger). [189], One mile (two kilometres) upstream on the opposite side of the River Plym is the Saltram estate, which has a Jacobean and Georgian mansion. [122], The city's airport was Plymouth City Airport about 4 miles (6 km) north of the city centre. It has ferry links to Brittany (Roscoff and St Malo) and to Spain (Santander). [163] Plymouth Raiders play in the British Basketball League – the top tier of British basketball. [105], Devonport Dockyard is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines and the Navy estimates that the Dockyard generates about 10% of Plymouth's income. Plymouth railway station, which opened on its present site in 1877, is managed by Great Western Railway and is also served by trains on the CrossCountry network. “Will be coming back with my partner to try their, “... fry with rice, as well as a salad with crispy tofu and sweet, “Would highly recommend the summer rolls, the aubergine salad and, “Our favourite was the hibachi seared niku, “Fresh tasty, perfectly cooked excellent service, Sea, “... which was delicious, my partner had pasta whilst i tucked into the, “My only criticism would be more bread needed with the 'while you wait, “We predominately chose the same having fish chips and peas, one had a, “... battered fish I have had out in many years) and the, “We ordered Pad Thai and Malay Curry, both with Tofu, steamed, “Jum provided great service and really friendly, food 10/10 squid and, “... others in our group had the swordfish and another had the, “... local squid to belly pork, swordfish steaks and dense, “One slight disappointment was the quantity of. The main building is located in the city centre and contains three performance spaces – The Lyric (1,315 capacity),[149] Drum Theatre (200 capacity),[150] and The Lab (60 capacity) – and they also run their own specialised production and creative learning centre called TR2, based in Cattedown. [193] Kingsand, Cawsand and Whitsand Bay are popular. [92], Plymouth is home to the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA; founded 1884) which conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences. [116] Other suggestions include the demolition of the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena to create a canal "boulevard" linking Millbay to the city centre. [52] Since May 2019 Plymouth has had a Labour majority Council[53]. promoted to the Western League from the South West Peninsula League, whilst Elburton Villa and Plymstock United continue to compete in the South West Peninsula League. It has been consistently considered one of the UK's most beautiful university buildings. Subsequent expansion led to the incorporation of Plympton, Plymstock, and other outlying suburbs, in 1967. The city was also home to the Royal Naval Engineering College; opened in 1880 in Keyham, it trained engineering students for five years before they completed the remaining two years of the course at Greenwich. During the Hundred Years' War a French attack (1340) burned a manor house and took some prisoners, but failed to get into the town. Superb developments from a renowned and experienced company who can also offer management and ongoing operations. The Port of Plymouth Regatta is one of the oldest regattas in the world, and has been held regularly since 1823. [93], A scheme is in operation over summer 2018 to provide meals during the summer holidays for children with parents on a low income, the parents cannot afford to provide their children with healthy meals.[94]. UPSU also known as the University of Plymouth Student Union is based underground near the library. Plymouth is also home to Plymouth Marjons Hockey Club, with their 1st XI playing in the National League last season. [10] The Three Towns conurbation of Plymouth, Stonehouse and Devonport enjoyed some prosperity during the late 18th and early 19th century and were enriched by a series of neo-classical urban developments designed by London architect John Foulston. The naturalist Dr William Elford Leach FRS, who did much to pave the way in Britain for Charles Darwin, was born at Hoe Gate in 1791. Plymouth cricket club was formed in 1843, the current 1st XI play in the Devon Premier League. During the winter half of the year, the coldest night will typically fall to 5 °C (41 °F)[76] although in January 1979 the temperature fell to −8.8 °C (16 °F). November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, with June to August having the lightest winds. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory, which focuses on global issues of climate change and sustainability. [35], During the First World War, Plymouth was the port of entry for many troops from around the Empire. The Plymouth Plan 2019–2034 was published May 2019 and sets the direction for future development with a new spatial strategy[68] which reinforces links with the wider region in west Devon and east Cornwall in its Joint Local Plan and identifies three development areas within the city: the City centre and waterfront; a 'northern corridor' including Derriford and the vacant airfield site at Roborough; and an 'eastern corridor' including major new settlements at Sherford and Langage. The South West Water Authority Constitution Order 1973 (1973 No. This is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in United Kingdom. [72], Owing to its geographic location, rainfall tends to be associated with Atlantic depressions or with convection and is more frequent than in London and Southeast England. There are three Park and ride services at Milehouse, Coypool (Plympton) and George Junction (Plymouth City Airport), which are operated by Stagecoach South West. [158] A team of journalists are headquartered at Plymouth for the ITV West Country regional station, after a merger with ITV West forced ITV Westcountry to close on 16 February 2009. Her Majesty's Naval Base, Devonport (HMNB Devonport) is the largest naval base in Western Europe, dated back the 16th century, and located in the west of Plymouth. Another notable event was the 8 inches (20 cm) of snowfall between 17 and 19 December 2010 – though only 2 inches (5.1 cm) would lie at any one time due to melting. George Passmore of Turner Prize winning duo Gilbert and George was also born in the city, as was Labour politician Michael Foot whose family reside at nearby Trematon Castle. 1307), Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service, "Standard Area Measurements (2016) for Administrative Areas in the United Kingdom", "Read the ebook Geographia classica, or, The application of antient geography to the classics by Samuel Butler", "Magna Britannia: Volume 6, Devonshire – Parishes: Pancras Week – Plymouth : British History Online", 1591 Spry Map of Plimmouth and surrounding areas, British Library, "Plymouth City Council – Freedom Fields Park", "Information Sheet: Cookworthy's Plymouth Porcelain", "Characteristics of the City of Plymouth (Historical and industrial legacy)", "D-Day in Plymouth, Uk, And American Infantry", "List of Mayors and Lord Mayors from 1439 to date", "South West Regional Office of the Labour Party archives", "Electorate details, register statistics and annual performance", https://www.plymouth.gov.uk/councillorscommitteesandmeetings, "Characteristics of the City of Plymouth (The geography)", "Characteristics of the City of Plymouth (The geology)", "Characteristics of the City of Plymouth (Limestone)", https://www.plymouth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/PPRefresh%20with%20covers.pdf, "Climatological Normals of Plymouth – 1961–1990", "Plymouth–Mount Batten climate normals 1961–1990", "Indices Data - Plymouth:MountBatten Station 1814", "Monthly weather forecast and Climate – Plymouth, United Kingdom", "University of Plymouth – an introduction", University College Plymouth St Mark & St John, "Royal Naval Engineering College HMS Thunderer", Donated food to feed hungry Plymouth school children, "All people – Economically active – Unemployed (Model Based) Plymouth", "Town Centre Performance & Retail Ranking Update, May 2007", https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Carbuncle_Cup#2006_winner, "View of the aircraft parking area and runway at Plymouth City Airport", "Air strategy for the far South West published", "Plymouth City Airport to close in December", "FlyPlymouth vows to reopen Plymouth City Airport within two years", "Devon coast to coast | Britain's best bike rides", "Plymouth Cathedral 1858–2008: 150th Anniversary Celebrations", "Synagogue, Catherine Street, Plymouth (1130015)", "The British Firework Championships Plymouth", "Plymouth Art Weekender | 22 / 23 / 24 September 2017", "Illuminate – Ceremony in Plymouth, Plymouth – Visit Plymouth", "The end of an era: Last night for Westcountry TV", "Plymouth hosts America's Cup World Series", "Water Supply to Plymouth Dock/Devonport", "Our History – Devon & Cornwall Constabulary", "Welcome to Plymouth City Centre & Waterfront – Devon & Cornwall Constabulary", "Welcome to the South Western Ambulance Service NHS Trust website", "Our mission is to inspire everyone to take action towards sustainability and conservation of the marine environment", "Plymouth City Council – The countryside", "10 of the most beautiful university buildings in the UK", "Kier tops out at Plymouth's Beckley Point", "Go-ahead for Plymouth's tallest building", "Gilbert & George Britannica Online Encyclopaedia", "New centre to honour Plymouth Olympian Sharron Davies", "Plymouth's twin cities and the charming things we have in common", A Plan for Plymouth – The Encyclopaedia of Plymouth History, Plymouth City Council's open data website, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plymouth&oldid=987257713, Port cities and towns in South West England, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from February 2017, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with failed verification from August 2020, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, W Best Harris – Plymouth – Plymouth Council of Social Service (undated), W Best Harris – Stories From Plymouth's History – Self-Published, Plymouth (undated), W Best Harris – The Book of Plymouth – Guild of Social Service, Plymouth (undated), W Best Harris – The New Book of Plymouth – Guild of Social Service, Plymouth (undated), W Best Harris – The Second Book of Plymouth – Guild of Social Service, Plymouth, 1957, W Best Harris – Place Names of Plymouth, Dartmoor and the Tamar Valley – Self-Published, Plymouth, 1983, W Best Harris – Welcome to Plymouth – Plymouth City Council (undated), This page was last edited on 5 November 2020, at 22:15. 44-1752-671537 english@maycoll.co.uk Plymouth's economy remains strongly influenced by shipbuilding and seafaring but has tended toward a service economy since the 1990s. [105] The Plymouth Gin Distillery has been producing Plymouth Gin since 1793, which was exported around the world by the Royal Navy. [66] Its largest park is Central Park,[67] with other sizeable green spaces including Victoria Park, Freedom Fields Park, Alexandra Park, Devonport Park and the Hoe. The parallel road bridge was completed in 1961. [97][98] At the time of the 2011 UK census, the ethnic composition of Plymouth's population was 96.2% White (of 92.9% was White British), with the largest minority ethnic group being Chinese at 0.5%. Together with the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute and the Diving Diseases Research Centre, these marine-related organisations form the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership. 44-1752-673784 Fax. [62] Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, because of its geology. [33], Some of the most significant imports to Plymouth from the Americas and Europe during the latter half of the 19th century included maize, wheat, barley, sugar cane, guano, sodium nitrate and phosphate. which operated flights across the United Kingdom and Ireland. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, and exporting local minerals (tin, copper, lime, china clay and arsenic). [118], A regular international ferry service provided by Brittany Ferries operates from Millbay taking cars and foot passengers directly to France (Roscoff) and Spain (Santander) on the three ferries, MV Armorique, MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven. [105], Plymouth has a post-war shopping area in the city centre with substantial pedestrianisation. Filter and search through restaurants with gift card offerings. The latitude of Plymouth, UK is 50.376289, New light industrial factories were constructed in the newly zoned industrial sector, attracting rapid growth of the urban population. [176] There are police stations at Charles Cross and Crownhill (the Divisional HQ) and smaller stations at Plympton and Plymstock. They play at the Brickfields. There are related proposals to reopen part of the old main line from Bere Alston on the Plymouth-Gunnislake line as far as Tavistock to serve a new housing development, but although the idea has been discussed since 2008 at least progress has been slow. [114] In contrast, the Theatre Royal's production and education centre, TR2, which was built on wasteland at Cattedown, was a runner-up for the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2003. The team's home ground is called Home Park and is located in Central Park. Plymouth, UK Lat Long Coordinates Info. Plymouth is a port city in historic Devon county in the UK. [216] Canadian actor Mark Holden was also born in Plymouth. [29] Foulston was important for both Devonport and Plymouth and was responsible for several grand public buildings, many now destroyed,[30] including the Athenaeum, the Theatre Royal and Royal Hotel, and much of Union Street. [111] The Tinside Pool is situated at the foot of the Hoe and became a grade II listed building in 1998 before being restored to its 1930s look for £3.4 million. [177] The city has one of the Devon and Cornwall Area Crown Prosecution Service Divisional offices. [42] At the west end of the zone inside a grade II listed building is the Pannier Market that was completed in 1959 – pannier meaning "basket" from French, so it translates as "basket market". Plymouth is an important centre for watersports, especially scuba diving and sailing. [213] Other past residents include composer journalist and newspaper editor William Henry Wills, Ron Goodwin,[214] and journalist Angela Rippon and comedian Dawn French. [54], Plymouth was granted the dignity of Lord Mayor by King George V in 1935. The latitude of Plymouth, UK is 50.376289, and the longitude is -4.143841.Plymouth, UK is located at United Kingdom country in the Cities place category with the gps coordinates of 50° 22' 34.6404'' N and 4° 8' 37.8276'' W. [59] In the Sound is Drake's Island which is seen from Plymouth Hoe, a flat public area on top of limestone cliffs. [71], South West England has a favoured location when the Azores High pressure area extends north-eastwards towards the UK, particularly in summer. Enclosing the city are the mouths of the river Plym and river Tamar, which are naturally incorporated into Plymouth Sound to form a boundary with Cornwall. They play at the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena and were founded in 1983. Enclosing the city are the mouths of the river Plym and river Tamar, which are naturally incorporated into Plymouth Sound to form a boundary with Cornwall. [127] In April 2011, it was announced that the airport would close,[128] which it did on 23 December. The 1971 Local Government White Paper proposed abolishing county boroughs, which would have left Plymouth, a town of 250,000 people, being administered from a council based at the smaller Exeter, on the other side of the county. Taking over office from her husband Waldorf Astor, Lady Astor was a vibrantly active campaigner for her resident constituents. Flying boats operated from Mount Batten. Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club that was founded in 1875 and are currently competing in the third tier of Professional English Rugby the National League 1. The avant garde prepared guitarist Keith Rowe was born in the city before establishing the jazz free improvisation band AMM in London in 1965 and MIMEO in 1997. By 1964 over 20,000 new homes had been built, transforming the dense overcrowded and unsanitary slums of the pre-war city into a low density, dispersed suburbia. Numerous technical difficulties and repeated storm damage meant that it was not completed until 1841, twenty years after Rennie's death. It works alongside the Boots Group to investigate the use of algae in skincare protects, taking advantage of the chemicals they contain that adapt to protect themselves from the sun. [157], Plymouth is the regional television centre of BBC South West. [159] The main local newspapers serving Plymouth are The Herald and Western Morning News with Radio Plymouth, BBC Radio Devon, Heart South West, and Pirate FM being the local radio stations with the most listeners.[160]. [167] The Devonport Leat was constructed to carry fresh drinking water to the expanding town of Devonport and its ever-growing dockyard. [29], Local chemist William Cookworthy established his short-lived Plymouth Porcelain venture in 1768 to exploit the deposits of china clay that he had discovered in Cornwall. [23] The last major attack by the Royalists was by Sir Richard Grenville leading thousands of soldiers towards Plymouth, but they were defeated by the Plymothians at Freedom Fields Park. [209], Notable athletes include swimmer Sharron Davies,[210] diver Tom Daley,[211] dancer Wayne Sleep,[212] and footballer Trevor Francis. The Elizabethan navigator, Sir Francis Drake was born in the nearby town of Tavistock and was the mayor of Plymouth. Plymouth Mariners Baseball club play in the South West Baseball League, They play their home games at Wilson Field in Central Park. A local company, FlyPlymouth, put forward plans in 2015 to reopen the airport by 2018, providing daily services to various destinations including London, but as of now, these projects have stalled.[129]. [32] In the 1860s, a ring of Palmerston forts was constructed around the outskirts of Devonport, to protect the dockyard from attack from any direction. Plymouth Parkway were recently[when?] [195][failed verification]. America based actor Donald Moffat, whose roles include American Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson in the film The Right Stuff, and fictional President Bennett in Clear and Present Danger, was born in Plymouth. [58], The River Plym, which flows off Dartmoor to the north-east, forms a smaller estuary to the east of the city called Cattewater. [95] The white Irish ethnic group saw the largest decline in its share of the population since the 2001 Census (−24%), while the Other Asian and Black African had the largest increases (360% and 351% respectively). The Torpoint Ferry crosses the Tamar between Plymouth in Devon (PL1 4FL) and Torpoint in Cornwall (PL11 2AX). [110] Plymouth was one of the first ten British cities to trial the new Business improvement district initiative. There's a charge for vehicles paid on the Torpoint to Plymouth crossing. [165], Since 1973 Plymouth has been supplied water by South West Water. Plymouth also has 71 state primary phase schools, 13 state secondary schools, eight special schools and three selective state grammar schools, Devonport High School for Girls, Devonport High School for Boys and Plymouth High School for Girls. Heading east, it connects Plymouth to the M5 motorway about 40 miles (65 km) away near Exeter; and heading west it connects Devon with Cornwall via the Tamar Bridge.

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