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Zaire ebolavirus , Bundibugyo ebolavirus, and Sudan ebolavirus are the … Matt Flegenheimer, Michael D. Shear, and Michael Barbaro, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Aeromedical Biological Containment System, Texas Department of State Health Services, Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, U.S. Agency for International Development, St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, "Ebola-Stricken Surgeon Martin Salia Died Despite ZMapp, Plasma Transfusion", "2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa", "First diagnosed case of Ebola in the U.S.", "New Details About Ebola In Dallas Revealed In CDC Report", CDC confirms first ever Ebola case in United States, "Death of Thomas Eric Duncan in Dallas Fuels Alarm Over Ebola", "U.S.
On October 16, he released a statement saying he had improved and expected to be discharged in the near future. Ebola was discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo. 27,000+ Total number of cases. [47] Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf told the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation she was angry with Duncan for what he had done, especially given how much the United States was doing to help tackle the crisis: "One of our compatriots didn't take due care, and so, he's gone there and in a way put some Americans in a state of fear, and put them at some risk, and so I feel very saddened by that and very angry with him.…The fact that he knew (he might be a carrier) and he left the country is unpardonable, quite frankly. Smaller outbreaks of this species have also occurred in DRC and Gabon, as well as the Republic of the Congo and South Africa, and Uganda has reported a small number of cases associated with the current outbreak in DRC. [62] The hospital's chief clinical officer, Dr. Dan Varga, said all staff had followed CDC recommendations. On September 30, 2014, CDC confirmed the first travel-associated case of EVD diagnosed in the United States in a man who traveled from West Africa to Dallas, Texas. Guidance for Monitoring and Movement of Persons with Potential Ebola Virus Exposure, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The doctor described following "strict C.D.C. [9][10] By October 4, Duncan's condition had deteriorated from "serious but stable" to "critical". On September 25, Sacra was declared Ebola-free and released from the hospital. [22], On September 15, 2014, the family of Marthalene Williams, who later died of Ebola virus disease, could not call an ambulance to transfer the pregnant Williams to a hospital. Let's be honest. [133], The U.S. military released plans to send up to 4,000 troops to West Africa to establish treatment centers starting September 29. The first cases were recorded in Guinea in December 2013; later, the disease spread to neighbouring Liberia and Sierra Leone, with minor outbreaks occurring elsewhere.
Their concern surrounds the reality that understaffed and poorly equipped hospitals performing invasive procedures, like renal dialysis and intubation, both of which Duncan received at Texas Presbyterian, could put staff at too much risk for contracting the virus. On October 16, a building housing two schools in the Solon City School District near Cleveland, Ohio, was closed for a single day of disinfection procedures after finding that a staff member may have been on the aircraft that Amber Vinson used on a previous flight. The Zaire species of Ebola kills somewhere between 40% to 90% of its victims, and usually upwards of 60% of infected people die. [39] However, Duncan died at 7:51 a.m. on October 8, becoming the first person to die in the United States of Ebola virus disease and the index patient for the later infections of nurses Pham and Vinson.
[198] A number of experimental treatments are being considered for use in the context of this outbreak, and are currently or will soon undergo clinical trials. [120], On October 2, NBC News photojournalist Ashoka Mukpo, covering the outbreak in Liberia, tested positive for Ebola after showing symptoms. [50] Family members threatened legal action against the hospital where Duncan received treatment.
[202] Up until that time, ZMapp had only been tested on primates and looked promising, causing no serious side effects and protecting the animals from infection. [29] Lab results returned showing slightly low white blood cells, low platelets, increased creatinine, and elevated levels of the liver enzyme AST. [96] Dr. Spencer's apartment and the bowling alley he went to were cleaned by hazmat company Bio Recovery Corporation. [28], Duncan began experiencing symptoms on September 24, 2014, and arrived at the Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital emergency room at 10:37 p.m. on September 25. [23], On September 19, Duncan went to Monrovia Airport, where, according to Liberian officials, Duncan lied about his history of contact with the disease on an airport questionnaire before boarding a Brussels Airlines flight to Brussels.
[205], Treatment using a transfusion of plasma from Ebola survivors, a form of “passive immunotherapy,”[206] since it contains antibodies able to fight the virus, has been used with apparent success on a number of patients. Cuomo praised Dr. Spencer's work but stated, "He's a doctor and even he didn't follow the voluntary quarantine. [199][200], In late August 2014, both Kent Brantly and Nancy Writebol became the first people to be given the experimental drug ZMapp. Cuomo said Dr. Spencer's activity in the days before his diagnosis showed the guidelines, which includes urging health care workers and others who have had contact with Ebola patients to voluntarily quarantine themselves, were not enough. Testing of samples was conducted by the Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB) in Kinshasa, with two samples testing positive for Ebola Zaire. The New York Times stated that this was an effective acknowledgment that there were problems with the procedures for protecting health care workers. Pham was in stable condition as of October 12. At 12:58 p.m., the doctor called the CDC directly. [209], Many Ebola vaccine candidates had been developed in the decade before 2014, but none has yet been approved for clinical use in humans. [176] On October 27, after being symptom free for an additional 24-hour period, testing negative for Ebola, and after the state's quarantine policy was relaxed the night before,[166] Hickox was released from quarantine in New Jersey. "[48] [179] Maine Governor Paul LePage announced he was joining with his state's health department in seeking legal authority to enforce the quarantine after Hickox announced she would not comply with the isolation protocols in Maine. The length of time between exposure to the virus and the development of symptoms (incubation period) is between two and 21 days, and usually between four and ten days. We have a long history of treating a multicultural community in this area. I don't trust her. Zaire ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, and Sudan ebolavirus are the three species of Ebola virus responsible for the larger outbreaks in Africa. Upon arrival at the hospital, he was put in a specially designed isolation center for treatment. The Mayor also declared: "New York City is Ebola free".
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